The Petroleum coke, abbreviated as petcoke, is a solid carbonaceous material produced as a byproduct of oil refining. It is generated in delayed coker units where residual oil is thermally cracked, resulting in solid coke and lighter hydrocarbons. Petcoke is a highly energy-dense material, making it a popular choice for fuel in cement production, power generation, and industrial boilers. Its carbon content is typically above 90%, while sulfur, nitrogen, and metals vary depending on the crude oil source. Industrially, petroleum coke is classified into fuel-grade and calcined-grade. Fuel-grade petcoke is used for energy-intensive processes, while calcined coke is further processed to remove volatile matter and moisture, making it suitable for aluminum anodes, electrodes, and other carbon products. The quality of petroleum coke depends on parameters like sulfur content, ash, and volatile matter, which affect its combustion performance and environmental impact. While petcoke is economically attractive as a fuel due to its high calorific value and low cost, high sulfur content can lead to air pollution if proper emission controls are not in place. In addition to fuel and metallurgical applications, petroleum coke can also be used in chemical industries to produce carbon black, graphite, and other derivatives. Overall, petroleum coke serves as a valuable byproduct of crude oil refining with broad applications in energy, metallurgy, and chemical industries.